This study examined the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar produced from coconut fiber, a waste product from mattress manufacturing. Coconut fiber was pyrolyzed in a muffle furnace at 300–700 °C to evaluate its suitability for biochar production and to analyze how temperature affects yield and physicochemical characteristics. The yield decreased from 67.1% at 300 °C to 15.8% at 700 °C, showing a strong negative correlation with temperature. In contrast, fixed carbon, ash content, and pH increased, while volatile matter and the volatile matter/fixed carbon ratio declined. Electrical conductivity exhibited variable behaviour. SEM and FTIR analyses revealed that higher temperatures produced more porous structures and enhanced aromatic carbon groups due to transformations of chemical functional groups. The study confirms that pyrolysis temperature is a key factor in optimizing coconut fiber biochar properties for environmental and energy applications aligned with green analytical chemistry principles.
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